Advancements in automobile communication technologies have boosted the growth of ITS and the Internet of Things (IoT) to address various issues, such as road and rail hazards, traffic congestion, secure authentication, and message dissemination over the network 4, 5, 6, 7.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), 1.35 million people die every year due to road accidents. Despite improvements in technology, vehicular networks still face numerous challenges. Whereas non-real-time data consists of time-insensitive messages, web browsing, and file transfers. The real-time applications may include event data, sensory information, and multi-media streams. Numerous applications have been proposed to enable vehicles to share real-time and non-real content 3. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) allows vehicular networks to enable flexible communication between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) 1, 2. The simulation results show improved performance in terms of confirmed transactions, transaction latency, number of blocks, and block creation time. The proposed scheme, based on a consortium blockchain, reduces average transaction latency, and increases the number of confirmed transactions in a decentralized manner, without compromising the integrity and security of data. In this paper, we propose a consensus algorithm for vehicular networks named as Vehicular network Based Consensus Algorithm (VBCA) to ensure data security across the network using blockchain that maintains a secured pool of confirmed messages exchanged in the network. Moreover, most of the researchers have used the Proof-of-Work consensus algorithm, or its variant to add a block to a blockchain, which is a highly resource-intensive process with greater latency.

The resource-intensive nature of the blockchain consensus algorithm makes it a challenge to integrate it with vehicular networks due to the time-sensitive message dissemination requirements. Recently, researchers have applied blockchain technology in vehicular networks to take benefit of its security features, such as confidentiality, authenticity, immutability, integrity, and non-repudiation.

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